[Problems of railway medicine at the Pirogov Congresses. Report 2: Organization of medical care for resettlers].

The article is devoted to the problems of medical and sanitary support for the transportation of resettlers by rail in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. The basis for the performed historical reconstruction was the materials of the railway medicine section of the congresses of the Society of Russian Physicians in memory of N. I. Pirogov.

The problems of railroad medicine at the Pirogov Congresses. Report I. The organization of medical care at railroad transport.

The article considers problems of organization of medical care at railroad transport in Russia at beginning of XX century. The implemented historical reconstruction was based on materials of section of railroad medicine of Congresses of the Society of Russian Physicians in memory of N. I. Pirogov. The issues are analyzed concerning legal basis of railroad medicine, duties of services and position of railroad physicians, principles of organization of medical sanitary unit and medical care of passengers, organization of sanitary supervision of status of railroad workers and ensuring safety on railroad transport.

[Sergej Aleksandrovich Novoselsky (1872-1953)].

The article is devoted to one of the founders of sanitary and demographic statistics in Russia. The works of S. A. Novoselsky covering issues of natality, total and child mortality, average life expectancy attained blaze of publicity and until present time keep their significance. S. A. Novoselsky developed for the first time both complete Russian population mortality tables and first the USSR population mortality tables.

[The contribution of medical community into elaboration of theoretical problems of health care in the sixties of XIX century].

The article considers activity of medical societies in 1860s related to theoretical development of problems of organization of Zemstvo medicine, sanitary statistics, medical topographical studies, preventive course of public medicine. It is demonstrated that results of these activities hereinafter were widely applied in the course of health care reforms of the second half of XIX century.

[The failed reform of higher medical education in Russia in the beginning of the XX century].

In 1907-1910, the Pirogov Society prepared project of large-scale reform of university medical education. The elite of medical community and the students of Russia criticized the organization and content of educational process at medical faculties of Russian universities and developed set of proposals their reforming. In particular, suggestions were made about changing target goals of medical faculties functioning, transferring to two-stage model of training of physician, revising scope and character of teaching theoretical medical disciplines and organizing a number of new chairs.

[The state and possibilities of the Soviet Health Care in 1960-1980s].

The article presents materials characterizing the state of health care system in the USSR in 1960-1980s. The main attention is paid to the complex of unresolved problems that had negative impact on capacity and quality of population medical care. The conclusions concerning factors weakening state health care system during last decades of the USSR existence are expressed and justified.

[The section of physician everyday life at the Pirogov Congresses. Report II. The problems of revision of the medical sanitary legislation].

The section of physician everyday life of the Pirogov congresses discussed not only issues related to economic and legal status of physicians. At its sessions, the need for reforming medical and sanitary legislation and expediency of organization of independent Ministry of health care were considered. Also, various ethical problems of medical activity were brought up (responsibility for non-attendance of patient, court of honor, medical secrecy). The loaded social issues such as abolition of abbacinaire and the death penalty were raised.

[The section of physician's everyday life at the Pirogov Congresses. Report I. The problems of material and legal status of Russian physicians].

The article is devoted to the history of organization and functioning of the section of physician everyday life at the sessions of the Congress of the Society of Russian Physicians in memory of N. I. Pirogov (Pirogov Society). The section, going beyond everyday life and occupational problems, considered issues related to economic and legal status of physicians. The section, having no hope in government assistance, tried to organize public organizations protecting interests and rights of physicians and loan-society as well.

[The organization and activities of the Chief Board of State Health Care in Russia (September 1916 - February 1917)].

The article is devoted to the history of the organization in Russia of the Main Department of public health management in Russia - the world's first Ministry of Health that was organized resulting the activities of the Commission headed by the academician G. E. Rein. The article considers aspects of opposing to its organization by the democratic medical community which was concerned about bureaucratization of medical and sanitary activities and which disappeared with liquidation of this institution on the eve of the February Revolution. The role of academician G. E. Rein in the organization of the Main Department, as well as the fate of the activities of his Commission in preparing reforms in the field of health is demonstrated.

[SANTORIO AND THE FIRST SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION OF XVII CENTURY].

The national publications about Santorio and his works factually provide no information to medical society of Russia. The article presents discussion about significance of his works for the first scientific revolution in XVII century. The conception of this significance is expanded. The personal position is substantiated concerning evaluation of ratio of inputs by Santorio and Galileo into initiation of scientific revolution.

[The formation of scientific anatomy in Europe of XVII century: to the 375th anniversary of Nicolas Steno (1638-1686)].

The article, on the biography basis, systematizes the scientific directions in the activity of Nicolas Steno as one of leading creators of first scientific revolution in medicine (XVII century) which overwhelmed anatomical physiological Galen concept. The works of Nicolas Steno considering anatomy of excretory glands, cardiac and skeletal muscles and brain white substance are presented in the context of antecedent development of anatomy, content of anatomical physiological Galen concept and in interrelationship with underlying works of number European anatomist of XVII century (William Harvey, Thomas Bartholin, Jan Swammerdam, Marcello Malpighi, Willis, etc.).

[Effect of hyperactivation of the somatosensory cortex on pain syndrome of spinal origin in rats]. / Vliianie giperaktivatsii somatosensornoi kory na bolevoi sindrom spinal'nogo proiskhozhdeniia u krys.

The cortical effects were studied in rats with abnormal pain. The spinal pain syndrome was induced by a generator of abnormally enhanced excitation in spinal dorsal cord. Hyperactivation of the somatosensory cortex was caused with penicillin. Cortical hyperactivation was shown to lead to the suppression of the pain syndrome.